Rental Property Maintenance in India: What Every Landlord and Tenant Should Know

If you own a rental unit in India, keeping it in good shape isn’t just about looking nice – it’s a legal requirement and a way to avoid disputes. Whether you’re a first‑time landlord or a tenant who wants a safe home, this guide breaks down the must‑do tasks, who pays for what, and how to handle common maintenance hiccups.

Landlord Responsibilities: The Legal Basics

Under the Indian Rent Control Acts and the Model Tenancy Agreement, landlords must ensure the property is "fit for habitation" at the start of the lease. This means working plumbing, electricity, structural safety, and basic amenities like water supply. If something breaks down during the tenancy, the landlord is usually on the hook, unless the damage was caused by the tenant’s negligence.

Typical landlord duties include:

• Annual safety inspections (electrical, fire, structural)
• Prompt repairs of essential services (toilets, taps, lights)
• Maintaining common areas in multi‑unit buildings
• Providing a written notice before entering the premises

Skipping these tasks can lead to legal notices, tenant complaints, and even rent deductions under Section 108 of the Rent Control Act.

Tenant Duties and How to Avoid Costly Mistakes

Tenants aren’t off the hook either. While the landlord handles major repairs, tenants must keep the property clean, avoid damage, and report issues early. If a tenant causes damage beyond normal wear and tear, they’re liable for repair costs, which can be deducted from the security deposit.

Smart steps for tenants:

• Document the property's condition with photos before moving in
• Notify the landlord in writing for any repair needs
• Do not attempt DIY fixes on electrical or plumbing unless you’re qualified
• Keep receipts for any repairs you pay for with the landlord’s consent

These habits protect you from disputes and ensure you get your full deposit back.

Both parties benefit from a clear maintenance schedule. A simple 30‑day checklist can save time: inspect faucets, test lights, check for pest activity, and verify that locks work properly. If you follow the list, you’ll catch problems before they turn costly.

When repairs are needed, the law prefers a written notice giving the landlord a reasonable time (usually 15 days) to fix the issue. If the landlord ignores the notice, tenants can approach the local rent control board or file a civil suit for "specific performance" – basically forcing the landlord to do the work.

Cost‑saving tip: many municipal bodies in India run low‑cost maintenance programs for landlords, covering things like water pipe checks or fire safety inspections. Checking with your city’s housing department can reduce your out‑of‑pocket expenses.

Finally, always keep the communication line open. A quick phone call or email can resolve most maintenance requests without formal steps. Clear expectations set at the lease signing, written into the agreement, keep both landlord and tenant on the same page and prevent misunderstandings down the road.

In short, rental property maintenance in India boils down to knowing who’s responsible, acting promptly, and keeping good records. Follow these practical steps and you’ll enjoy a smoother tenancy, fewer legal headaches, and a well‑maintained property that retains its value.