Extortion in India: Simple Guide to the Law, Penalties, and What You Can Do

If someone threatens you to hand over money, property, or any favor, you’re probably facing extortion. It’s not just a nasty insult – it’s a crime that the Indian Penal Code (IPC) takes seriously. Knowing the basics can help you act fast, protect your rights, and avoid costly mistakes.

What Exactly Is Extortion?

In plain English, extortion is the act of demanding something of value by using force, intimidation, or the threat of exposing a secret. The IPC lists it under several sections, mainly 383 (extortion), 384 (extortion by putting a person in fear of death), and 506 (criminal intimidation). The key element is the fear you feel – if the demand makes you nervous enough to comply, the law sees it as extortion.

Extortion can happen in many forms: a loan shark demanding extra cash, a landlord threatening eviction unless you pay an illegal fee, or a colleague demanding favors to keep a secret. The threat doesn’t have to be physical; a phone call, a text, or an email can be enough if it creates genuine fear.

Legal Consequences and How to Protect Yourself

Getting caught can mean serious jail time. Section 383 carries up to three years’ imprisonment and a fine. If the threat involves death or grievous hurt, Section 384 bumps the punishment to up to seven years. Section 506, which deals with criminal intimidation, can also land you up to two years in jail, plus fines. Courts look at the severity of the threat, the amount of money involved, and whether the offender has a prior record.

If you think you’re being extorted, the first step is to stay calm and gather evidence. Save text messages, call logs, emails, and any written demand. A screenshot or a recording (where legal) can be a game‑changer in police investigations.

Next, file a complaint with the local police station. Mention the IPC sections you’re aware of – it shows you’ve done your homework and can help the officer file the right FIR. If you’re scared to go alone, bring a trusted friend or a legal advisor.

Sometimes, you can also approach a consumer court if the extortion is tied to a service or product. Many states have cyber cells that handle online threats, so if the extortion happens through digital means, file a complaint with the cybercrime cell.

Beyond reporting, protect yourself by limiting the amount of personal information you share publicly. Change passwords regularly, use two‑factor authentication, and avoid sending money to unknown accounts. If a landlord or employer makes a demand that feels off, ask for a written agreement and consult a lawyer before signing anything.

Remember, the law is on your side when you have proof. Staying organized, acting quickly, and seeking professional help can turn a stressful situation into a clear legal case.

Extortion isn’t just a personal problem – it’s a criminal offense that the courts treat with seriousness. Knowing the definitions, the relevant IPC sections, and the steps to report can empower you to stand up against intimidation and keep your rights intact.